CVE & CISA-KEV Catalog

CVE-2025-59419

MEDIUMEPSS 74th pctl
5.5
CVSS v4
NVD

Description

Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. In versions prior to 4.1.128.Final and 4.2.7.Final, the SMTP codec in Netty contains an SMTP command injection vulnerability due to insufficient input validation for Carriage Return (\r) and Line Feed (\n) characters in user-supplied parameters. The vulnerability exists in io.netty.handler.codec.smtp.DefaultSmtpRequest, where parameters are directly concatenated into the SMTP command string without sanitization. When methods such as SmtpRequests.rcpt(recipient) are called with a malicious string containing CRLF sequences, attackers can inject arbitrary SMTP commands. Because the injected commands are sent from the server's trusted IP address, resulting emails will likely pass SPF and DKIM authentication checks, making them appear legitimate. This allows remote attackers who can control SMTP command parameters (such as email recipients) to forge arbitrary emails from the trusted server, potentially impersonating executives and forging high-stakes corporate communications. This issue has been patched in versions 4.1.129.Final and 4.2.8.Final. No known workarounds exist.

How to fix

Remediation Available
nettyDebian
Fixed in:1:4.1.48-7+deb12u2CVE-2025-59419
Fixed in:1:4.1.48-10+deb13u1CVE-2025-59419
Fixed in:1:4.1.48-11CVE-2025-59419
libnetty-javaUbuntu
Fixed in:1:4.1.7-4ubuntu0.1+esm4USN-7843-1

This Ubuntu release reached end-of-life on 2023-05-31. Extended security maintenance is available until 2028-04-01.

Fixed in:1:4.1.45-1ubuntu0.1~esm3USN-7843-1

This Ubuntu release reached end-of-life on 2025-05-31. Extended security maintenance is available until 2030-04-02.

Fixed in:1:4.1.48-4+deb11u2ubuntu0.1~esm2USN-7843-1
Fixed in:1:4.1.48-9ubuntu0.1~esm2USN-7843-1
Fixed in:1:4.1.48-10ubuntu0.25.10.1USN-7843-1
nettyUbuntu
Fixed in:1:4.1.7-4ubuntu0.1+esm4USN-7843-1

This Ubuntu release reached end-of-life on 2023-05-31. Extended security maintenance is available until 2028-04-01.

Fixed in:1:4.1.45-1ubuntu0.1~esm3USN-7843-1

This Ubuntu release reached end-of-life on 2025-05-31. Extended security maintenance is available until 2030-04-02.

Fixed in:1:4.1.48-4+deb11u2ubuntu0.1~esm2USN-7843-1
Fixed in:1:4.1.48-9ubuntu0.1~esm2USN-7843-1
Fixed in:1:4.1.48-10ubuntu0.25.10.1USN-7843-1

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Remediation is compiled from vendor and distribution security advisories. Always confirm against the linked source for your exact version and platform.

CVSS v4 Vector

Exploitability

Attack VectorNetwork
Attack ComplexityLow
Privileges RequiredNone
User InteractionNone

Impact

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

Exploit Intelligence

1.55%probability of exploitation in 30 days
74thpercentile

Elevated risk: more likely to be exploited than 74% of all known CVEs.

References

Related Vulnerabilities

Other CWE-93 vulnerabilities, ordered by exploit likelihood. View all

CVESeverityCVSSEPSSExploitedFix
CVE-2025-61884High7.596%KEV + Ransom-
CVE-2022-0666High7.544%-Fix
CVE-2016-3115Medium6.437%-Fix
CVE-2024-20337High8.230%-Fix
CVE-2021-39172High8.829%-Fix
CVE-2016-4975Medium6.120%-Fix

Common questions

How do I fix CVE-2025-59419?

Published advisories record a fix for 3 affected products. The "How to fix" section on this page lists the fixed version and source advisory for each one, so apply the entry matching what you actually run.

Is CVE-2025-59419 being actively exploited?

Not that we know of. CVE-2025-59419 is not in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. Its EPSS score of 1.6% is the estimated probability that it will be exploited in the next 30 days. That is higher than 74% of all scored CVEs.

How severe is CVE-2025-59419?

CVE-2025-59419 has a CVSS v4 base score of 5.5, rated medium. CVSS rates the technical impact if the vulnerability is exploited, not how likely that is, so weigh it alongside the exploit-prediction score when you decide what to patch first.

What does CVE-2025-59419 affect?

Published advisories record a fix for netty (Debian), libnetty-java (Ubuntu), netty (Ubuntu). Only products with a sourced advisory are listed, so treat this as what we can cite rather than a complete inventory.

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This product uses NVD data but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. EPSS scores courtesy of FIRST.org (https://www.first.org/epss). Source: CISA KEV Catalog. Data as of 2026-06-17.