CVE & CISA-KEV Catalog

vm2 (npm) versions 3.12.0 and earlier contain a sandbox escape in `VM` and `NodeVM`. When an embedder exposes a host API that returns a host-realm Promise, the bridge's rejection sanitizer (hostPromiseSanitizeReject / makeSanitizedPromiseCallback / normalizeHostPromiseCallbacks in lib/bridge.js) only wraps `then`/`catch` rejection slots that hold a function, and the sandbox-side `Symbol.species`/`.then` neutralization is installed only on the sandbox intrinsic `Promise.prototype`, so it never applies to a host Promise. Code running inside the sandbox can overwrite `p.constructor[Symbol.species]` on the host Promise and then call `p.then()` with no `onRejected` handler; V8 substitutes its internal Thrower, which re-throws the raw host rejection value into a resolve/reject closure captured b

Published 2026-09-18

vm2 NodeVM versions before 3.12.1 contain a sandbox escape vulnerability where the DANGEROUS_BUILTINS denylist omits child_process despite blocking other host-spawning modules. Attackers can require child_process and execute arbitrary commands on the host system when NodeVM is configured with builtin:['*'] or explicit child_process allowance.

Published 2026-09-18

The Hide My WP Ghost WordPress plugin before 7.0.11 does not properly validate a loopback security-check request before disabling its login and URL hiding protection, dropping that protection precisely when the request's verification value is missing or incorrect, which any visitor can arrange, allowing unauthenticated attackers to re-expose the concealed WordPress login page location.

Published 2026-09-18

The Hide My WP Ghost WordPress plugin before 7.0.11 does not verify that a request is a genuine WooCommerce request before disabling its firewall, threat-detection and login/URL-hiding protections, treating the mere presence of an attacker-suppliable request parameter as sufficient, which allows unauthenticated attackers to disable those protections and re-expose the concealed login and admin URLs on any request.

Published 2026-09-18

mport is the MidnightBSD Package Manager. Prior to 2.7.8, the audit command in mport/mport.c computed option-adjusted local_argv and local_argc values but passed the original argument entry to audit_package(). When an operator or automation used an option such as -r before a package name, stale optind state and the unadjusted argument could cause mport to audit the option token instead of the requested package, producing a false-negative or useless result that could leave a vulnerable package unidentified. The corrected parsing resets optind and optreset before using the adjusted local arguments. This issue is fixed in version 2.7.8.

Published 2026-09-17

vm2 is a sandbox for running untrusted JavaScript. In vm2 versions up to and including 3.11.3, the defaultSandboxPrepareStackTrace function in lib/setup-sandbox.js builds its output array using prototype-walking index assignment (lines[lines.length] = value) rather than a prototype-bypassing define-property primitive. Because this bridge-internal array is allocated in the sandbox realm, code inside the sandbox can install an accessor on Array.prototype for the relevant index; the accessor is then invoked whenever the sandbox reads error.stack (or otherwise triggers Error.prepareStackTrace), allowing sandbox code to observe and intercept each stack-trace line written by the bridge. The same pattern is used in the error-handling (catch) branch. The values written are formatted strings only,

Published 2026-09-17

vm2 before 3.11.8 does not fully enforce the allowAsync: false option in VM and NodeVM. While localPromise.prototype.then is replaced with a handler that throws 'Async not available', the sandbox's Promise static methods (Promise.resolve, Promise.all, Promise.race, Promise.any, and Promise.allSettled) still assimilate attacker-supplied thenables: native promise resolution performs PromiseResolveThenableJob and invokes the sandboxed code's then method in a microtask without passing through the patched then, so the async restriction is never applied. As a result, sandboxed script can schedule work that runs after VM.run() or NodeVM.run() has returned and outside the configured timeout, continuing to execute after the host believes execution is complete.

Published 2026-09-17

vm2 versions 3.10.1 through 3.11.6 contain a sandbox escape reachable from a default `new VM()` sandbox when running on Node.js 26. WebAssembly.compileStreaming and WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming can produce a raw host-realm Promise that rejects with a host-realm error object; by controlling Symbol.species via Promise.prototype.finally, sandbox code receives that raw host error, walks from the host error constructor to the host Function constructor, and recovers the real host `process` object, gaining host Node.js capabilities (e.g. access to host modules such as fs) in the context of the process running the sandbox. No NodeVM, require permission, host object injection, or otherwise unsafe configuration is required. This is a bypass of the fix for GHSA-6j2x-vhqr-qr7q, which removed the J

Published 2026-09-17

vm2 versions >= 3.9.6 and <= 3.11.6 are affected by a NodeVM builtin allowlist bypass that permits a sandbox escape on Node.js 24 and newer when the embedder explicitly allows the node:test builtin (e.g. require: { builtin: ['node:test'] }). On Node.js 24+, module.builtinModules exposes the scheme-only key node:test, which is not covered by vm2's family-based DANGEROUS_BUILTINS protection, so it is stored in the generic host-passthrough loader. Because requireImpl() in lib/setup-node-sandbox.js strips a single 'node:' prefix before the builtin lookup, sandbox code calling require('node:node:test') resolves to the stored node:test key and receives a readonly proxy to the host module. Calls to node:test.run() are forwarded to the host implementation, which spawns a separate Node process for

Published 2026-09-17

vm2 versions 3.10.2 through 3.11.6 contain a sandbox escape vulnerability on Node.js 26 where Promise.prototype.finally() bypasses vm2's wrapper protections due to a stale PromiseThenLookupChain protector in V8 14.6. Attackers can exploit this by creating an async function that returns a Promise with an attacker-controlled constructor Symbol.species, allowing them to reach the host Function constructor and process object for arbitrary code execution.

Published 2026-09-17

vm2 versions 3.11.3 through 3.11.6 expose Node.js's host node:sqlite module to code running in NodeVM when that builtin is permitted, either explicitly or through builtin: ['*']. The module is wrapped with vm.readonly(), which prevents property assignment but leaves host-authority callables reachable; in addition, the resolver treats any request starting with 'node:' as a core-module request and the runtime strips only one 'node:' prefix, so a sandbox request for 'node:node:sqlite' resolves to the configured node:sqlite entry. Sandboxed code can therefore create an in-memory DatabaseSync with extension loading enabled and call DatabaseSync.loadExtension() on a native library bundled in the untrusted plugin package (path derived from __dirname). SQLite loads the library into the Node.js hos

Published 2026-09-17

vm2 before 3.11.8 contains an incomplete fix for Error.cause sanitization that allows sandbox escape when revisited host-wrapped AggregateError objects are caught within a single exception handler traversal. Attackers can exploit cycle detection bypass in handleException to access unsanitized host proxies embedded in the errors array, enabling full remote code execution and process information disclosure from the sandbox.

Published 2026-09-17

CMAK through 3.0.0.6 fails to apply the scheduled leader election feature toggle to HTML form routes, allowing attackers to bypass the feature gate. Attackers can access the form endpoints to start and stop the recurring election scheduler, disrupting leadership across managed Kafka clusters.

Published 2026-09-16

An issue in Howyar Technologies Inc SysReturn Versions prior to 11.3.034 and fixed in v.11.3.0.34 allows a local attcker to execute arbitrary code via the BOOTia32.efi and a crafted cloak32.dat file on the ESP.

Published 2026-09-16

As part of Cisco's ongoing commitment to proactive security and product quality, the Cisco Secure Adaptive Security Appliance Software, Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense Software and Cisco Secure Firewall Management Center Software engineering team has conducted a comprehensive internal security review. This review resulted in a software hardening release that addresses multiple internally discovered vulnerabilities. The vulnerabilities tracked by CVE-2026-20331 are related to the failure of protection mechanisms issues that are grouped under the Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) Pillar CWE-693.

Published 2026-09-16

Zope AccessControl provides a general security framework for use in Zope. Prior to 7.4, applications that allow untrusted users to create and execute AccessControl-controlled Python code do not safely guard str.format and str.format_map when those methods are reached through a str subclass. In both ImplPython.py and cAccessControl.c, Python formatting can recursively access attributes and subscriptions using unrestricted getattr and getitem behavior instead of the policy-restricted getattr and getitem operations. A controlled format string can therefore disclose objects reachable from values available to the formatting operation. This issue is fixed in version 7.4.

Published 2026-09-16

RestrictedPython is a tool that helps define a subset of the Python language for accepting program input in a trusted environment. Prior to 8.4, RestrictedPython could allow a sandbox escape when a custom import policy or globals exposed the standard library string module, the string.Formatter class, a Formatter instance, or a Formatter subclass to restricted code. The string.Formatter methods format, get_field, get_value, and vformat performed attribute and item traversal internally without passing through RestrictedPython's safer_getattr protections. Restricted code could use those live object references to reach function globals, builtins, file access, or code execution primitives, affecting confidentiality, integrity, and availability in the host environment. This issue is fixed in ver

Published 2026-09-16

Jenkins Script Security Plugin 1415.v9a_f9b_3a_c253d and earlier does not check calls from sandboxed scripts to methods added dynamically to a class at runtime, allowing attackers with permission to define and run sandboxed scripts, including Pipelines, to bypass the sandbox protection and execute code outside the sandbox.

Published 2026-09-16

Jenkins Script Security Plugin 1415.v9a_f9b_3a_c253d and earlier checks the operations Groovy will perform with the elements it reads from a collection that a sandboxed script casts to another type but performs the cast on the collection itself, allowing attackers with permission to define and run sandboxed scripts, including Pipelines, to bypass the sandbox protection and execute arbitrary code in the context of the Jenkins controller JVM.

Published 2026-09-16

Jenkins Script Security Plugin 1415.v9a_f9b_3a_c253d and earlier does not intercept operations performed on a null receiver (method calls, property and attribute accesses, and array accesses), allowing attackers with permission to define and run sandboxed scripts, including Pipelines, to bypass the sandbox protection and execute arbitrary code in the context of the Jenkins controller JVM.

Published 2026-09-16

Jenkins Script Security Plugin 1415.v9a_f9b_3a_c253d and earlier does not check the method called through the proxy created when a sandboxed script coerces a value to an interface, if the value inherits a method of the same name as an interface method, allowing attackers with permission to define and run sandboxed scripts, including Pipelines, to bypass the sandbox protection and execute arbitrary code in the context of the Jenkins controller JVM.

Published 2026-09-16

In multiple functions of arm-smmu-v3.c, there is a possible escalation of privilege due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Published 2026-09-15

In multiple functions of arm-smmu-v3.c, there is a possible escalation of privilege due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Published 2026-09-15

In GPU, there is a possible permission bypass due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Published 2026-09-15

In smmu_install_nested_ste of arm-smmu-v3.c, there is a possible escalation of privilege due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Published 2026-09-15

In smmu_detach_dev of arm-smmu-v3.c, there is a possible permission bypass due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Published 2026-09-15

In FsmReleaseKey of fsm.c, there is a possible permission bypass due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Published 2026-09-15

In Cellular Modem, there is a possible permission bypass due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to remote (proximal/adjacent) escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Published 2026-09-15

In Bootloader, there is a possible permission bypass due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Published 2026-09-15

In the Setup Wizard, there is a possible remote package install due to a missing permission check. This could lead to remote escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Published 2026-09-15

In acfw_ffa.c, there is a possible secret read due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local information disclosure with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Published 2026-09-15

In VPU, there is a possible permission bypass due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Published 2026-09-15

In multiple locations, there is a possible permission bypass due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Published 2026-09-15

In multiple locations, there is a possible escalation of privilege due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Published 2026-09-15

In multiple locations, there is a possible permission bypass due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Published 2026-09-15

In multiple functions of fpc_tee_hal.c, there is a possible use-after-free due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Published 2026-09-15

In enable_segment of remap.c, there is a possible permission bypass due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Published 2026-09-15

In IP Multimedia Subsystem, there is a possible authentication bypass due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to remote escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Published 2026-09-15

In multiple locations, there is a possible permission bypass due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Published 2026-09-15

In addr_remap_address_map of remap.c, there is a possible escalation of privilege due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Published 2026-09-15

In multiple locations, there is a possible permission bypass due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Published 2026-09-15

In ac_init_policy of init.c, there is a possible permission bypass due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Published 2026-09-15

In gsa_sw_pk_hash_compare of image-auth-srv.c, there is a possible escalation of privilege due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Published 2026-09-15

In ac_init_one_sswrp of init.c, there is a possible escalation of privilege due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Published 2026-09-15

MCP Context Forge is an AI gateway, registry, and proxy for MCP, A2A, REST, and gRPC APIs. Prior to 1.0.2, the python_sandbox_server in mcp-servers/python/python_sandbox_server/src/python_sandbox_server/server_fastmcp.py exposes raw getattr through safe_builtins, omits a required _getattr_ guard, and relies on validate_code checks for literal dangerous dunder strings. An attacker can construct dunder names at runtime, traverse the Python class hierarchy, reach subprocess.Popen, and execute OS commands with the server process privileges through the execute_code MCP tool. The HTTP/SSE transport can expose this tool without authentication, while stdio-only deployments have reduced network reachability. The issue affects the python_sandbox_server subproject and does not directly affect the cor

Published 2026-09-15

FreeRDP server versions before 3.31.0 contain a protocol negotiation bypass vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to establish RDSTLS connections despite server policy disabling them. Attackers can send incompatible protocol requests, receive negotiation failures, then complete TLS handshake and enter RDSTLS to bypass pre-authentication transport restrictions.

Published 2026-09-15

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. From 1.4.0 until 1.7.2, codeMode in src/praisonai-ts/src/tools/builtins/code-mode.ts executes untrusted JavaScript with new Function() inside with(sandbox) and relies on a small source-code blocklist plus shadowed process and require properties. Code can use ({}).constructor.constructor to recover the real Function constructor, obtain process and process.mainModule.require, and reach host filesystem and subprocess APIs despite the advertised sandbox. Attackers who control codeMode input can read secrets, modify files, execute commands, or exhaust the host process. This issue is fixed in version 1.7.2.

Published 2026-09-15

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. From 1.4.0 until 1.7.2, createAgentLoop() in src/praisonai-ts/src/ai/agent-loop.ts passes executable tools to generateText() before invoking the onToolCall approval callback. Because the wrapped AI SDK executes tool handlers during generation, a callback that returns false records tool_rejected only after the denied tool has already produced side effects and populated toolResults. Applications using onToolCall as a human or policy approval boundary can therefore execute rejected file, command, API, or data-modifying operations. This issue is fixed in version 1.7.2.

Published 2026-09-15

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. From 1.2.3 until 1.7.2, CommandValidator in src/praisonai-ts/src/cli/features/sandbox-executor.ts validates only the first whitespace-delimited executable against allowedCommands, then SandboxExecutor passes the complete command string to sh -c. A command beginning with an allowed executable can append a non-allowlisted command through shell metacharacters, causing arbitrary commands to run with the PraisonAI process privileges. This issue is fixed in version 1.7.2.

Published 2026-09-15

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. From 1.2.3 until 1.7.2, SandboxExecutor network-isolated mode in src/praisonai-ts/src/cli/features/sandbox-executor.ts uses buildEnv() only to inject invalid http_proxy and https_proxy environment variables and does not establish an operating-system network boundary. Programs that ignore those proxy variables can open sockets directly, allowing supposedly isolated commands to reach localhost, internal services, cloud metadata, or external hosts and potentially exfiltrate data. An initial remediation was released in version 1.7.2.

Published 2026-09-15